My daughter was playing in the damp cold and now her toes look like this. She says they are burning and itchy. Urgent care is hours away. What is happening?

Chilblains, also known as pernio, are a common condition affecting people exposed to cold and damp environments. They occur when small blood vessels in the skin become inflamed due to rapid rewarming after being cold. This inflammation leads to symptoms such as redness, itching, swelling, and a burning sensation, primarily affecting fingers, toes, ears, and nose.

The condition can develop within hours of exposure and may persist for several days if untreated. Chilblains are more common in children and young adults due to their developing circulatory systems. Understanding the signs of chilblains can help parents recognize the condition early and take appropriate action to alleviate discomfort.

While chilblains and frostbite can both result from cold exposure, they have distinct characteristics. Chilblains are typically marked by red, swollen patches on the skin that are itchy and tender. In contrast, frostbite involves freezing of the skin and underlying tissues, leading to numbness, pale or waxy skin, and possibly blisters.

Infections, on the other hand, often present with warmth, pus, or an increase in pain and redness in the affected area. It’s important to differentiate between these conditions to prevent long-term damage and ensure proper treatment. Chilblains do not cause tissue death like frostbite but can lead to skin ulceration if not managed properly.

People with a family history of chilblains or those who frequently engage in activities in cold, damp environments are also at higher risk. Understanding these risk factors can help parents and caregivers take preventive measures to protect vulnerable individuals from chilblains.