Persistent ear pain without hearing loss can sometimes be referred pain from a tumor in the mouth or throat.

8. A Change in How Your Teeth Fit Together

If your dentures suddenly don’t fit, or if you notice changes in your bite, it could indicate swelling or a mass in your jaw.

9. Loose Teeth with No Obvious Cause

Teeth that become loose without gum disease or injury can be a sign of underlying bone involvement.

10. Difficulty Moving Your Tongue or Jaw

If it becomes hard to move your tongue, open your mouth fully, or speak clearly, get it checked.

Risk Factors You Should Know

Major Risk Factors:

  • Tobacco use – Smoking, chewing tobacco, or using snuff. This is the #1 risk factor.

  • Heavy alcohol use – Especially when combined with tobacco, the risk multiplies.

  • HPV infection – Human papillomavirus (especially type 16) is linked to throat cancers.

  • Sun exposure – Increases risk of lip cancer.

  • Age – Most cases occur after 55.

Other Risk Factors:

  • Poor nutrition

  • Weakened immune system

  • Genetic syndromes

  • Betel nut or gutka use (common in some cultures)

What to Do If You Notice Something

Step 1: Don’t Panic, Do Observe

Most mouth sores and patches are harmless. But if any of these signs last more than two weeks, it’s time to act.

Step 2: See a Professional

Start with your dentist or primary care provider. They can examine the area and decide if a biopsy is needed.

Step 3: Be Specific

Tell them:

  • What you noticed

  • When it started

  • Whether it’s changed

  • Any other symptoms

Step 4: Follow Through

If they recommend a biopsy, do it. A biopsy is the only way to know for sure.

How Oral Cancer Is Diagnosed

  • Visual exam – Your doctor or dentist looks at the area

  • Brush biopsy – Cells are gently scraped and examined

  • Incisional biopsy – A small piece of tissue is removed for testing

  • Imaging – X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs to see if cancer has spread

How to Protect Yourself

1. Do Monthly Self-Exams

Once a month, in good light:

  • Look at your lips, gums, cheeks, tongue, roof and floor of your mouth

  • Feel for lumps or thickening

  • Note any sores that aren’t healing

2. See Your Dentist Regularly

Dentists are often the first line of defense. They’re trained to spot abnormalities you might miss.

3. Don’t Use Tobacco

If you smoke or chew, quitting is the single best thing you can do.

4. Limit Alcohol

Heavy drinking increases risk, especially when combined with tobacco.